The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.